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Exiles to a Foreign Land: The Hong Kong Chinese in America

by Jeffrey Tam

Introduction

This paper documents me. Myself. One could say that I was born into historical circumstance. I too, was born in Hong Kong. My father and mother were white-collar professionals; both graduated from the National University of Taiwan. My father, in particular, was a production manager at a prominent manufacturer of print circuit boards in Hong Kong. My sister and I, we went to school at St. Paul Co-Educational College, one of Hong Kong's elite educational institutions. The single reason for our immigration was the looming question of 1997. Would the Chinese government keep their promises and allow Hong Kong to prosper? That's a question which is still unanswered.

Yet, life in the United States was harder than the stereotype of the typical successful Hong Kong immigrant dictated. We found that this was true of many other Hongkongers as well. With the money we got from selling our flat in Hong Kong, we managed to pay for moving costs, and the down payment for our car in America. The first few years were rough, as few American companies would hire my father. After all, my father was a white-collar manager without too many specialized skills who spoke no Spanish and bad English. It got worse when the recession hit, and the manufacturing industry in Orange County virtually disappeared. Eventually, he went back to Hong Kong, where he had no American managers to look at his Asian facial features with a leering eye. There in Hong Kong, my father was at his best, in charge of Hong Kong workers and Chinese workers. But he finally came back to the States. Now he goes to work at six in the morning and leaves at five in the afternoon; his English had actually improved during his years in Hong Kong, having dealt a great deal with American and Singaporean bosses there, and so he's back as a supervisor, of nine factory workers.

Still, every day my father reminds me of how lucky I am. Of more than a billion Chinese, I was lucky enough to be born among the seven million in Hong Kong. There, the air is free, and the sky's the limit. And among the seven million Chinese, I was one of the few to have had the luck to be able to immigrate to the United States, attend good public schools, go to Stanford.

Hopefully, after I graduate, I'll be able to become sufficiently self-reliant so that my father will finally be able to retire. It's cliché, but it's true that his hard work has paved the way for my easy life. For the many Hong Kong Chinese who have landed on these shores, life is not easy. Maybe it's easy for the tycoons and the lawyers and the doctors, but not for everyone. This is their story.

Web Site Component

If you have any questions about the web site, feel free to email me at tamj@stanford.edu.

Notes

  1. I spend two full pages detailing Hong Kong's history. It's necessary in order to set the historical background upon which I discuss my topic. I apologize for the length of the section reciting Hong Kong's history, but two pages was as short as I could shrink 160 years of history into.
  2. Research at Green Library was not too terribly difficult, though it was a challenge trying to find Hong Kong - to - America specific immigration sources. There were a few of them, enough to do this paper.
  3. Because of the length of the paper was already quite long, I decided not to include something I was originally planning to have in the paper, the experience of Hong Kong immigrants in Hawaii. I was planning on comparing the Hong Kong immigrant experience with Pak. However, I had already taken down some quotes for that part, so, for your viewing pleasure, here they are:

-"Chinese exclusiveness and separation from other foreigners began early on, starting with their predilection for business and attitude of temporary residence (the sojourner mentality). Later, this separation was fixed by the social animosity directed by Americans and other Westerners toward Chinese form the latter part of the nineteenth century." (269)

-no coherent Hong Kong Chinese community, nor investment by Hongkongers; integrated into larger Chinese community (273)

-One Hawaiian immigrant, "I was reluctant to leave Hong Kong… was making good money. However, because of the uncertainty of the political future, I decided to leave for the future of my children." (274)

-social networks emphasize not just being Chinese, but most important being Hongkongers (275)

-One survey participant, "All of a sudden I have become deaf and blind. I only go to a few places to do my shopping and have no friends to share my feelings with… Hong Kong newspapers and magazines are the most important media that connect me to home in Hong Kong. I always want to find out what is going on back there." (275)

-"…the church fellowship operates like a big family, the new Hong Kong immigrants have found a social support network they badly need, especially those with limited proficiency in English" (279)

"This sojourner mentality has a strong negative impact on the formation of a community identity among Hong Kong Chinese in Hawaii. While pointing to a lack of social stability among Chinese from Hong Kong in Hawaii, this lack of community identity and ethnic cohesion is itself influenced by an unwillingness to settle down permanently." (283)

Written by Richard Chabot, Oi Man chan, and Alvin Y. So, from Reluctant Exiles.